Stress-induced changes in concentrations of plasma sex steroids in black bream

Cortisol levels of black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri at capture did not change with time of day, gonadal stage or season and were 1·9 ± 0·2 and 2.8 ± 0.4 ng ml -1 for male and female fish, respectively. Confinement resulted in significantly elevated cortisol levels at all time periods; however, levels after 24 h of confinement were significantly lower than peak cortisol levels (15 min for males and I h for females). Confinement stress resulted in reduced levels of 17β-oestradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) within 1 h in sexually mature females. In mature males, suppression of T and 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) occurred after 30 min and 6 h of confinement, respectively. The relationship between confinement stress and levels of 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP) was more complex, with levels in males being elevated after 15 min and 24 h and suppressed after 6 h of confinement. In contrast, 17,20βP levels in females were elevated after 1 h of confinement. In regressed females, plasma E2 and T concentrations were low at capture and were not affected by confinement stress whereas plasma 17,20βP was elevated within 1 h. This study indicates that stress exerts a rapid inhibitory effect on gonadal steroidogenesis.