The ability to inhibit actions, one of the hallmarks of human motor control, appears to decline with advancing age. Evidence for a link between changes in inhibitory functions and poor motor performance in healthy older adults has recently become available with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Overall, these studies indicate that the capacity to modulate intracortical (ICI) and interhemispheric (IHI) inhibition is preserved in high-performing older individuals. In contrast, older individuals exhibiting motor slowing and a declined ability to coordinate movement appear to show a reduced capability to modulate GABA-mediated inhibitory processes. As a decline in the integrity of the GABA-ergic inhibitory processes may emerge due to age-related loss of white and gray matter, a promising direction for future research would be to correlate individual differences in structural and/or functional integrity of principal brain networks with observed changes in inhibitory processes within cortico-cortical, interhemispheric, and/or corticospinal pathways. Finally, we underscore the possible links between reduced inhibitory functions and age-related changes in brain activation patterns.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	aging, compensatory brain activity, coordination, dysfunctional activation spreading, GABA, interhemispheric inhibition, intracortical inhibition, neuroimaging, older adults, performance, reaction time, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Research Division:	Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
Research Group:	Psychology
Research Field:	Sensory Processes, Perception and Performance
Objective Division:	Expanding Knowledge
Objective Group:	Expanding Knowledge
Objective Field:	Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
Author:	Fujiyama, H (Dr Hakuei Fujiyama)
Author:	Summers, JJ (Professor Jeffery Summers)
ID Code:	97008
Year Published:	2014
Web of Science® Times Cited:	28
Deposited By:	Psychology
Deposited On:	2014-11-28
Last Modified:	2017-11-06
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