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Generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and their comorbidity as predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: The Vietnam experience study
Citation
Phillips, AC and Batty, GD and Gale, CR and Deary, IJ and Osborn, D and Macintyre, K and Carroll, D, Generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and their comorbidity as predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: The Vietnam experience study, Psychosomatic Medicine, 71, (4) pp. 395-403. ISSN 0033-3174 (2009) [Refereed Article]
DOI: doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31819e6706
Abstract
METHODS: Participants (N = 4256) were from the Vietnam Experience Study. Service, sociodemographic, and health data were collected from service files, telephone interviews, and a medical examination. One-year prevalence of MDD and GAD was determined through a diagnostic interview schedule based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (version IV) criteria. Mortality over the subsequent 15 years was gathered from US army records.
RESULTS: MDD and GAD were positively and significantly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. The relationships between MDD and GAD and CVD mortality were no longer significant after adjustment for sociodemograhics, health status at entry, health behaviors, and other risk markers. Income was the covariate with the strongest impact on this association. In analyses comparing comorbidity and GAD and MDD alone, with neither diagnosis, comorbidity proved to be the strongest predictor of both all-cause and CVD mortality.
CONCLUSION: GAD and MDD predict all-cause mortality in a veteran population after adjusting for a range of covariates. However, those with both GAD and MDD were at greatest risk of subsequent death, and it would seem that these disorders may interact synergistically to affect mortality. Future research on mental disorders and health outcomes, as well as future clinical interventions, should pay more attention to comorbidity.
Item Details
Item Type: | Refereed Article |
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Keywords: | Comorbidity; Generalized anxiety disorder; Major depressive disorder; Mortality; Veterans |
Research Division: | Biomedical and Clinical Sciences |
Research Group: | Cardiovascular medicine and haematology |
Research Field: | Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases) |
Objective Division: | Health |
Objective Group: | Clinical health |
Objective Field: | Clinical health not elsewhere classified |
UTAS Author: | Macintyre, K (Dr Kate Macintyre) |
ID Code: | 95694 |
Year Published: | 2009 |
Web of Science® Times Cited: | 114 |
Deposited By: | Medicine |
Deposited On: | 2014-10-07 |
Last Modified: | 2014-10-07 |
Downloads: | 0 |
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