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The emerging field of ocean iron biogeochemistry has prompted interest in the identification and quantification of Fe supply mechanisms. However, less attention has been given to estimating biological Fe utilization, and using the magnitude of Fe utilization to enhance our understanding of modes of supply. Here, we combine regionally validated data sets (1997-2007) on remotely sensed net primary production (NPP) with the iron:carbon (Fe:C) molar ratios for resident phytoplankton to produce Southern Ocean maps of Fe utilization. This approach exploits the resolution of remotely sensed data to investigate the spatial patterns, areal extent and interannual variability of Fe utilization, and relates it to published temporal and spatial trends for Fe supply mechanisms. We estimate that Southern Ocean Fe utilization averaged ∼3.3±0.3 × 10⁸ μmol Fe a^-1. This utilization varied little between years (7.8-9.6 μmol Fe m^-2 a^-1), was greatest for subpolar waters, particularly in the Atlantic (up to 53.0 μmol Fe m^{-2 a}-1), and was lowest for the polar waters of the Indian sector. Application of maps corresponding to the location and areal extent of Fe supply regions (e.g., dust deposition) revealed that Fe utilization was highest in waters supplied by Patagonian dust, and to a lesser extent, where sediment resuspension (i.e. <500 m depth) probably supplies the majority of the Fe. The Atlantic sector has regions where multiple supply mechanisms are evident, resulting in perennially high productivity. This approach provides a better assessment of the relative importance, realm of influence, and areal extent of different Fe supply mechanisms to Southern Ocean waters.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	data sets, dust deposition, high productivity, interannual variability, iron utilization, molar ratio, multiple supplies, net primary production, polar waters, remotely sensed data, sediment resuspension, Southern ocean, spatial patterns
Research Division:	Biological Sciences
Research Group:	Ecology
Research Field:	Marine and estuarine ecology (incl. marine ichthyology)
Objective Division:	Environmental Policy, Climate Change and Natural Hazards
Objective Group:	Adaptation to climate change
Objective Field:	Climate change adaptation measures (excl. ecosystem)
UTAS Author:	Boyd, PW (Professor Philip Boyd)
ID Code:	95602
Year Published:	2012
Web of Science® Times Cited:	91
Deposited By:	IMAS Research and Education Centre
Deposited On:	2014-10-06
Last Modified:	2017-11-01
Downloads:	383 View Download Statistics