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A year-long study of the spatial occurrence and relative distribution of pharmaceutical residues in sewage effluent, receiving marine waters and marine bivalves
Citation
McEneff, G and Barron, L and Kelleher, B and Paull, B and Quinn, B, A year-long study of the spatial occurrence and relative distribution of pharmaceutical residues in sewage effluent, receiving marine waters and marine bivalves, Science of The Total Environment, 476-477 pp. 317-326. ISSN 0048-9697 (2014) [Refereed Article]
Copyright Statement
Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V.
DOI: doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.123
Abstract
Reports concerning the quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals in marine ecosystems are somewhat limited. It is necessary to determine pharmaceutical fate and assess any potential risk of exposure to aquatic species and ultimately, seafood consumers. In the work presented herein, analytical methods were optimised and validated for the quantification of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluent, receiving marine waters and marine mussels (Mytilus spp.). Selected pharmaceuticals included two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (diclofenac and mefenamic acid), an antibiotic (trimethoprim), an antiepileptic (carbamazepine) and a lipid regulator (gemfibrozil). This paper also presents the results of an in situ study in which caged Mytilus spp. were deployed at three sites on the Irish coastline over a 1-year period. In water samples, pharmaceutical residues were determined using solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The extraction of pharmaceuticals from mussel tissues used an additional pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) step prior to SPE and LC–MS/MS. Limits of quantification between 15 and 225 ng·L−1 were achieved in wastewater effluent, between 3 and 38 ng·L−1 in marine surface water and between 4 and 29 ng·g−1 dry weight in marine mussels. Method linearity was achieved for pharmaceuticals in each matrix with correlation coefficients of R2 ≥ 0.976. All five selected pharmaceuticals were quantified in wastewater effluent and marine surface waters. This work has demonstrated the susceptibility of the Mytilus spp. to pharmaceutical exposure following the detection of pharmaceutical residues in the tissues of this mussel species at measurable concentrations.
Item Details
| Item Type: | Refereed Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | pharmaceuticals, marine water, marine bivalves, effluent, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry |
| Research Division: | Chemical Sciences |
| Research Group: | Analytical chemistry |
| Research Field: | Separation science |
| Objective Division: | Expanding Knowledge |
| Objective Group: | Expanding knowledge |
| Objective Field: | Expanding knowledge in the chemical sciences |
| UTAS Author: | Paull, B (Professor Brett Paull) |
| ID Code: | 93687 |
| Year Published: | 2014 |
| Web of Science® Times Cited: | 163 |
| Deposited By: | Austn Centre for Research in Separation Science |
| Deposited On: | 2014-08-13 |
| Last Modified: | 2017-10-27 |
| Downloads: | 0 |
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