Effects of field of view on presence, enjoyment, memory, and simulator sickness in a virtual environment

Effects of field-of-view (FOV) in a virtual environment (VE) on presence, enjoyment, memory, and simulator sickness (SS) were studied. A refined scale designed to assess subjects’ engagement, enjoyment, and immersion (E2I) was developed. Items to examine subjects’ memory of the VE were included. SS was examined using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). Using a withinsubjects design, data were collected from 10 subjects at four FOVs (60º, 100º, 140º, and 180º). The VE, Crayolaland, was presented in a driving simulator. Results indicated that presence, enjoyment, and SS varied as a function of display FOV. Subjects exhibited higher SSQ and presence subscale scores with increasing FOV. SSQ and presence values approached asymptotes for FOVs beyond 140°. Presence and SS were positively correlated; enjoyment and SS were negatively correlated.