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The sources of pharmaceuticals for problematic users of benzodiazepines and prescription opioids

journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-17, 21:05 authored by Nielsen, S, Raimondo BrunoRaimondo Bruno, Degenhardt, L, Stoove, MA, Fischer, JA, Carruthers, SJ, Lintzeris, N
Objectives: To describe benzodiazepine and prescription opioid use by clients of drug treatment services and the sources of pharmaceuticals they use. Design: Structured face-to-face interviews on unsanctioned use of benzodiazepines and prescription opioids were conducted between January and July 2008. Participants: Convenience sample of treatment entrants who reported regular (an average of ≥ 4 days per week) and unsanctioned use of benzodiazepines and/or prescription opioids over the 4 weeks before treatment entry. Setting: Drug treatment services in Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia and Tasmania. Main outcome measures: Participant demographics, characteristics of recent substance use, substance use trajectories, and sources of pharmaceuticals. Results: Two hundred and four treatment entrants were interviewed. Prescription opioids were predominantly obtained from non-prescribed sources (78%, 84/108). In contrast, medical practitioners were the main source for benzodiazepines (78%, 113/144). Forging of prescriptions was extremely uncommon. A mean duration of 6.3 years (SD, 6.6 years) for benzodiazepines and 4.4 years (SD, 5.7 years) for prescription opioids was reported between first use and problematic use — a substantial window for intervention. Conclusions: Medical practitioners are an important source of misused pharmaceuticals, but they are not the main source of prescription opioids. This has implications for prescription drug monitoring in Australia: current plans (to monitor only Schedule 8 benzodiazepines and prescription opioids) may have limited effects on prescription opioid users who use non-prescribed sources, and the omission of most benzodiazepines from monitoring programs may represent a lost opportunity for reducing unsanctioned use of benzodiazepines and associated harm.

Funding

Department of Human Services Victoria

History

Publication title

Medical Journal of Australia

Volume

199

Issue

10

Pagination

696-699

ISSN

0025-729X

Department/School

School of Psychological Sciences

Publisher

Australasian Medical Publishing Company Pty. Ltd.

Place of publication

Level 1, 76 Berry St, Sydney, Australia, Nsw, 2060

Rights statement

Copyright 2013 Medical Journal of Australia

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Public health (excl. specific population health) not elsewhere classified

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