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Vulcanodinium rugosum., the scrippsielloid dinoflagellate producer of pinnatoxins, was isolated from surface sediments collected from Northland, New Zealand, in summer 2008/2009. The dinoflagellate was isolated and cultured predominantly in cyst form, with the New Zealand isolates producing pinnatoxins E and F and Australian isolates predominantly G and less E and F. V. rugosum killed sea urchin and paua larvae and caused morbitity in sea slug larvae; Pacific oyster and Artemia salina larvae became slightly moribund. GreenshellTM mussel larvae were unaffected. Depuration rates of 50% of pinnatoxin E and F from Pacific oysters were 14.5 and 16 d respectively. Crude extracts of mass cultures of the New Zealand and Australian isolates tested for toxicity in mice by intraperitoneal injection, gavage and voluntary consumption resulted in toxicity ratios of 1.0: 1.8: 4.5 and 1.0: 2.9: 7.8 respectively.

Item Type:	Refereed Conference Paper
Keywords:	algal blooms 2
Research Division:	Biological Sciences
Research Group:	Plant Biology
Research Field:	Phycology (incl. Marine Grasses)
Objective Division:	Animal Production and Animal Primary Products
Objective Group:	Fisheries - Aquaculture
Objective Field:	Fisheries - Aquaculture not elsewhere classified
Author:	Hallegraeff, GM (Professor Gustaaf Hallegraeff)
ID Code:	86695
Year Published:	2013
Deposited By:	IMAS Research and Education Centre
Deposited On:	2013-10-14
Last Modified:	2014-08-18
Downloads:	2 View Download Statistics