Magma unmixing (i.e., separation of a homogeneous silicate melt into two or more liquids) is responsible for sudden changes in the evolution of common melts, element fractionation, and potential formation of orthomagmatic ore deposits. Although immiscible phases are a common phenomenon in the mesostasis of many tholeiitic basalts, evidence of unmixing in intrusive rocks is more difficult to record because of the transient nature of immiscibility during decompression, cooling, and crystallization. In this paper, we document a clear case of liquid immiscibility in an intrusive body of tholeiitic gabbro in the Siberian large igneous province, using textures and compositions of millimeter-sized silicate melt pools in native iron. The native iron crystallized from a metallic iron liquid, which originated as disseminated globules during reduction of the basaltic magma upon interaction with coal-bearing sedimentary rocks in the Siberian craton. The silicate melts entrapped and armored by the native iron are composed of two types of globules that represent the aluminosilicate (60-77 wt% SiO2) and silica-poor, Fe-Ti-Ca-P-rich (in wt%: SiO2, 15-46; FeO, 15-22; TiO2, 2-7; CaO, 11-27; P2O5, 5-30) conjugate liquids. Different proportions and the correlated compositions of these globules in individual melt pools suggest a continuously evolving environment of magmatic immiscibility during magma cooling. These natural immiscible melts correspond extremely well to the conjugate liquids experimentally produced in common basaltic compositions at <1025 °C. Our results show that immiscibility can occur at large scale in magma chambers and can be instrumental in generating felsic magmas and Fe-Ti-Ca-P-rich melts in the continental igneous provinces.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Research Division:	Earth Sciences
Research Group:	Geology
Research Field:	Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
Objective Division:	Expanding Knowledge
Objective Group:	Expanding Knowledge
Objective Field:	Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences
Author:	Kamenetsky, VS (Professor Vadim Kamenetsky)
Author:	Davidson, P (Dr Paul Davidson)
Author:	Feig, S (Dr Sandrin Feig)
ID Code:	86626
Year Published:	2013
Funding Support:	Australian Research Council (DP1092823)
Web of Science® Times Cited:	20
Deposited By:	Centre for Ore Deposit Research - CODES CoE
Deposited On:	2013-10-04
Last Modified:	2017-10-30
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