European colonization precipitated the first industrial transformation of Australian landscapes. We review the evolution of the environmental and societal setting of Australian landscapes since this first industrial transformation, the emergence of drivers precipitating a second industrial transformation, and what it will take to adapt. In concert with climate change and growing societal expectations of environmental stewardship, we identify six emerging economies for ecosystem services — carbon, water, food, energy, amenity and mining — which will exert transformational pressure on land use and management. The requirements for transformational adaptation — to thrive within environmental limits — include: fostering new partnerships between government, science, the private sector, and local communities to support local adaptation; identifying critical environmental limits and rationalizing environmental laws; establishing innovative social processes and adaptive governance; and developing innovative, well-supported market-based and community-based incentives.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	ecosystem services, emerging economies, carbon, water, food, energy, amenity, mining
Research Division:	Environmental Sciences
Research Group:	Environmental Science and Management
Research Field:	Environmental Management
Objective Division:	Environment
Objective Group:	Land and Water Management
Objective Field:	Land and Water Management of environments not elsewhere classified
Author:	Harris, GP (Professor Graham Harris)
Author:	Lefroy, T (Professor Ted Lefroy)
ID Code:	85671
Year Published:	2013
Web of Science® Times Cited:	15
Deposited By:	Centre for Environment
Deposited On:	2013-07-29
Last Modified:	2015-02-04
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