The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a significant contributing factor to intraseasonal variability in both the tropical and extratropical atmosphere and ocean. Sea level and circulation variations in the Gulf of Carpentaria (northern Australia) and the coastal regions of the northeastern Indian Ocean and eastern Pacific have been shown to be related to the MJO. A nonlinear barotropic numerical model, validated with local tide gauge data, is used to study the Gulf of Carpentaria from 1979 to 2009. It is shown that the model reproduces well the seasonal cycle of sea level as well as intraseasonal variations and their seasonal modulations. Intraseasonal variability is shown to be driven by surface wind stress that is closely related to the MJO. The model is next used to remove the local wind effect from the tide gauge data, resulting in a low‐frequency residual signal. This low‐frequency signal is interpreted in terms of larger‐scale modes of variability of the adjacent shelf seas and the Indian and Pacific oceans through comparison with climatological indices, correlations with regional sea level measured by altimeters, and Hovmöller diagrams. It is shown that this signal is generated in the Pacific and related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The implications for predictability and forecasting in the Gulf of Carpentaria on intraseasonal timescales are discussed.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	madden-julian oscillation, sea level variability, gulf of carpentaria
Research Division:	Earth Sciences
Research Group:	Oceanography
Research Field:	Physical oceanography
Objective Division:	Environmental Policy, Climate Change and Natural Hazards
Objective Group:	Understanding climate change
Objective Field:	Climate variability (excl. social impacts)
UTAS Author:	Oliver, ECJ (Dr Eric Oliver)
ID Code:	84683
Year Published:	2011
Web of Science® Times Cited:	13
Deposited By:	IMAS Research and Education Centre
Deposited On:	2013-05-27
Last Modified:	2017-11-01
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