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Assessment of radiation forcing data sets for large-scale sea ice models in the Southern Ocean
Citation
Vancoppenolle, M and Timmermann, R and Ackley, SF and Fichefet, T and Goosse, H and Heil, P and Leonard, KC and Lieser, J and Nicolaus, M and Papakyriakou, T and Tison, J, Assessment of radiation forcing data sets for large-scale sea ice models in the Southern Ocean, Deep-Sea Research. Part 2: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 58, (9-10) pp. 1237-1249. ISSN 0967-0645 (2011) [Refereed Article]
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DOI: doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.039
Abstract
Little is known about errors in the atmospheric forcings of large-scale sea ice-ocean models around Antarctica. These forcings involve atmospheric reanalyses, typically those from the National Center for Environmental Prediction and National Center from Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR), climatologies, and empirical parameterizations of atmosphere-ice heat and radiation fluxes.
In the present paper, we evaluate the atmospheric forcing fields of sea ice models in the Southern Ocean using meteorological and radiation observations from two drifting station experiments over Antarctic sea ice. These are Sea Ice Mass Balance in the Antarctic (SIMBA, Bellingshausen Sea, October 2007) and ISPOL (Ice Station POLarstern, Weddell Sea, December 2004). For the comparison, it is assumed that those point measurements are representative of the whole model grid cell they were collected in.
Analysis suggests that the NCEP-NCAR reanalyses have relatively low biases for variables that are assimilated by the system (temperature, winds and humidity) and are less accurate for those which are not (cloud fraction and radiation fluxes). The main deficiencies are significant day-to-day errors in air temperature (root-mean-square error 1.4–3.8 °C) and a 0.2–0.6 g/kg mean overestimation in NCEP-NCAR specific humidity. In addition, associated with an underestimation of cloud fraction, NCEP-NCAR shortwave radiation features a large positive bias (43–109 W/m2), partly compensated by a 20–45 W/m2 negative bias in longwave radiation. Those biases can be drastically reduced by using empirical formulae of radiation fluxes and climatologies of relative humidity and cloud cover. However, this procedure leads to a loss of day-to-day and interannual variability in the radiation fields. We provide technical recommendations on how the radiation forcing should be handled to reduce sea ice model forcing errors. The various errors in forcing fields found here should not hide the great value of atmospheric reanalyses for the simulation of the ice-ocean system.
Item Details
| Item Type: | Refereed Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | Antarctic; Sea ice; Forcing; Radiation; Model |
| Research Division: | Earth Sciences |
| Research Group: | Oceanography |
| Research Field: | Physical oceanography |
| Objective Division: | Environmental Management |
| Objective Group: | Management of Antarctic and Southern Ocean environments |
| Objective Field: | Antarctic and Southern Ocean oceanic processes |
| UTAS Author: | Heil, P (Dr Petra Heil) |
| UTAS Author: | Lieser, J (Dr Jan Lieser) |
| ID Code: | 76895 |
| Year Published: | 2011 |
| Web of Science® Times Cited: | 30 |
| Deposited By: | CRC-Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems |
| Deposited On: | 2012-03-14 |
| Last Modified: | 2017-10-31 |
| Downloads: | 1 View Download Statistics |
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