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This paper quantifies the spatial distribution of zooxanthellae (ZX) and zoochlorellae (ZC), two algal symbionts common to the temperate anemone, Anthopleura xanthogrammica, in relation to shore height. Anemones in tidepools and crevices had varying algal proportions: .0.90 ZC (green anemones), 0.10 to 0.90 ZX (mixed), and .0.90 ZX (brown). Brown anemones are primarily found in the high intertidal and the upper region of tidepools. Mixed anemones are most common at intermediate shore heights and green anemones are exclusive to the low shore and at increasing depth in tidepools. Microhabitat was also important to algal proportion, as anemones in crevices had greater proportions of ZC than anemones in tidepools at the same shore height. In a reciprocal transplant experiment, A. xanthogrammica were moved between high and low shallow tidepools. All anemones moved from a low to a high tidepool exhibited a shift from ZC to ZX populations, while the anemones transplanted from high to low tidepools maintained ZX dominance. This is the first documentation that field algal populations can shift from ZC to ZX in Anthopleura. The field survey and transplant study results support the hypothesis that the relative abundance of ZX and ZC in A. xanthogrammica is influenced by the environmental gradient associated with shore height and microhabitat.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	Algal symbiosis; Algal distribution; Anthopleura xanthogrammica; Environmental gradient Zoochlorellae; Zooxanthellae
Research Division:	Biological Sciences
Research Group:	Ecology
Research Field:	Marine and estuarine ecology (incl. marine ichthyology)
Objective Division:	Environmental Management
Objective Group:	Marine systems and management
Objective Field:	Marine biodiversity
UTAS Author:	Bates, AE (Dr Amanda Bates)
ID Code:	76509
Year Published:	2000
Web of Science® Times Cited:	24
Deposited By:	Sustainable Marine Research Collaboration
Deposited On:	2012-03-07
Last Modified:	2012-04-02
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