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Leaf fossils of Banksia (Proteaceae) from New Zealand: an Australian abroad
Citation
Carpenter, RJ and Jordan, GJ and Lee, DE and Hill, RS, Leaf fossils of Banksia (Proteaceae) from New Zealand: an Australian abroad, American Journal of Botany, 97, (2) pp. 288-297. ISSN 0002-9122 (2010) [Refereed Article]
Copyright Statement
Copyright 2010 Botanical Society of America Inc
Abstract
Fossils can shed new light on plant biogeography and phylogeny. Pinnately lobed leaves from the Oligo-Miocene Newvale lignite mine, South Island, New Zealand are the first extra-Australian leaf fossils of the charismatic genus Banksia (Proteaceae), and they are assigned to a new species, B. novae-zelandiae. Comparison with extant taxa shows that the fossils are best regarded as an extinct stem relative of Banksia because their available features are either plesiomorphic for the genus (notably, the stomata are superficially placed, not sunken in balloon-like pits as in many extant species) or lack evidence of synapomorphies that would enable them to be placed in the crown group. Banksia novae-zelandiae does, however, exhibit two cuticular features that are unique or highly derived for Banksia. These are rugulate subsidiary cell ornamentation and the presence of complex papillae that extensively cover the abaxial leaf surface. The fossils add to the widespread records of the pinnately lobed leaf form in Banksia in Australia beginning in the late Paleocene. This form is now limited to species confined to sclerophyllous heathlands of Mediterranean climate in southwestern Australia. Banksia novae-zelandiae could be part of a lineage that had a long history in New Zealand, perhaps dating to the early Paleogene.
Item Details
Item Type: | Refereed Article |
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Keywords: | Banksia, crown group, cuticle, leaf fossils, long-distance dispersal, Proteaceae, stem group, vicariance |
Research Division: | Biological Sciences |
Research Group: | Evolutionary biology |
Research Field: | Biogeography and phylogeography |
Objective Division: | Expanding Knowledge |
Objective Group: | Expanding knowledge |
Objective Field: | Expanding knowledge in the biological sciences |
UTAS Author: | Carpenter, RJ (Dr Raymond Carpenter) |
UTAS Author: | Jordan, GJ (Professor Greg Jordan) |
ID Code: | 66824 |
Year Published: | 2010 |
Web of Science® Times Cited: | 25 |
Deposited By: | Plant Science |
Deposited On: | 2011-02-15 |
Last Modified: | 2014-11-04 |
Downloads: | 0 |
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