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Ice shelf disintegration by plate bending and hydro-fracture: Satellite observations and model results of the 2008 Wilkins ice shelf break-ups
Citation
Scambos, T and Fricker, HA and Liu, CC and Bohlander, J and Fastook, J and Sargent, A and Massom, RA and Wu, AM, Ice shelf disintegration by plate bending and hydro-fracture: Satellite observations and model results of the 2008 Wilkins ice shelf break-ups, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 280, (1-4) pp. 51-60. ISSN 0012-821X (2009) [Refereed Article]
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DOI: doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.027
Abstract
Satellite remote sensing observations of three break-up events in 2008 for the Wilkins Ice Shelf (28 February to 6 March, 27 May to 31 May, and 28 June to mid-July) provide unprecedented detail of ice shelf calving during rapid break-up. The observations reveal that the Wilkins break-ups occur through a distinctive type of shelf calving, which we term ‘disintegration’, as well as more typical rifting and calving. Here we focus on the disintegration process, which is characterized by repeated rapid fracturing that creates narrow ice-edgeparallel blocks, with subsequent block toppling and fragmentation forming an expanding iceberg and ice rubble mass. We use these data to develop and test a model of floating ice plate disintegration in which ice plate bending stresses at the ice front arising from buoyancy forces can lead to runaway calving when free (mobile) water is available. High-resolution satellite images and laser altimetry of the first break-up event provide details of fracture spacings, ice thicknesses, and plate bending profiles that agree well with our model predictions. We suggest that surface or near-surface meltwater is the main pre-condition for disintegration, and that hydro-fracture is the main mechanism. Brine layers from near-waterline brine infiltration can support a similar process, but this is less effective unless regional ice stress patterns contribute to the net stress available at the crack tip for fracturing. A combination of brine-enhanced fracturing and changing internal net extensional stresses was the likely mechanism behind the latter two Wilkins events.
Item Details
| Item Type: | Refereed Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | Antarctica ice shelves Wilkins ice shelf climate change Formosat-2 ice modeling ice shelf break-up |
| Research Division: | Earth Sciences |
| Research Group: | Physical geography and environmental geoscience |
| Research Field: | Glaciology |
| Objective Division: | Environmental Policy, Climate Change and Natural Hazards |
| Objective Group: | Understanding climate change |
| Objective Field: | Effects of climate change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic environments (excl. social impacts) |
| UTAS Author: | Massom, RA (Dr Robert Massom) |
| ID Code: | 61746 |
| Year Published: | 2009 |
| Web of Science® Times Cited: | 186 |
| Deposited By: | CRC-Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems |
| Deposited On: | 2010-03-05 |
| Last Modified: | 2010-05-14 |
| Downloads: | 0 |
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