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Hierarchical recruitment by AMPA but not staurosporine of pro-apoptotic mitochondrial signaling in cultured cortical neurons: evidence for caspase-dependent/-independent crosstalk
journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-17, 01:43 authored by Beart, PM, Lim, MLR, B Chen, Diwakarla, S, Mercer, LD, Cheung, NS, Nagley, PExcitotoxicity mediated via the (S)-á-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) subtype of receptor for l-glutamate contributes to various neuropathologies involving acute brain injury and chronic degenerative disorders. In this study, AMPA-induced neuronal injury and staurosporine (STS)-mediated apoptosis were compared in primary neuronal cultures of murine cerebral cortex by analyzing indices up- and downstream of mitochondrial activation. AMPA-mediated apoptosis involved induction of Bax, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Äøm), early release of cytochrome c (cyt c), and more delayed release of second mitochondrial activator of caspases (SMAC), Omi, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) with early calpain and minor late activation of caspase 3. STS-induced apoptosis was characterized by a number of differences, a more rapid time course, non-involvement of Äøm, and relatively early recruitment of SMAC and caspase 3. The AMPA-induced rise in intracellular calcium appeared insufficient to evoke Äøm as release of cyt c preceded mitochondrial depolarization, which was followed by the cytosolic translocation of SMAC, Omi, and AIF. Bax translocation preceded cyt c release for both stimuli inferring its involvement in apoptotic induction. Inclusion of the broad spectrum caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk reduced the AMPA-induced release of cyt c, SMAC, and AIF, while only affecting the redistribution of Omi and AIF in the STS-treated neurons. Only AIF release was affected by a calpain inhibitor (calpastatin) which exerted relatively minor effects on the progression of cellular injury. AMPA-mediated release of apoptogenic proteins was more hierarchical relative to STS with its calpain activation and caspase-dependent AIF redistribution arguing for a model with cross-talk between caspase-dependent/independent apoptosis.
History
Publication title
Journal of NeurochemistryVolume
103Issue
6Pagination
2408-2427ISSN
0022-3042Department/School
Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchPublisher
Blackwell Publishing LtdPlace of publication
9600 Garsington Rd, Oxford, England, Oxon, Ox4 2DgRepository Status
- Restricted