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Although the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis has been increasing in tropical regions, little is known about the allergenicity of pollens from tropical plant families or the importance of ongoing environmental changes. We investigated associations between daily average pollen counts of several tropical plant families and sales of medications for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in Darwin, Australia—a tropical setting in which grass abundance has increased due to increased fire frequencies and the introduction of African pasture grasses. Daily pollen counts with detailed identification of plant species were undertaken in conjunction with a weekly survey of flowering plant species from April 2004 to November 2005. Five pharmacies provided daily sales data of selected medications commonly used to treat allergic rhinitis. We used generalized linear modeling to examine outcomes. All analyses accounted for the potential confounding effects of time trends, holidays, respiratory viral illnesses, meteorological conditions, and air pollution. The peak total pollen count was 94 grains/m3. Despite the low levels of Poaceae (grass) pollen (maximum daily count, 24 grains/m3), there was a clear association with daily sales of anti-allergic medications greatest at a lag of 1 day. Sales increased by 5% with an interquartile range rise (3 grain/ m3) in Poaceae pollen (5.07%, 95%CI 1.04%, 9.25%). No associations were observed with pollen from other plant families. Although further testing is required, we suggest that an overlooked aspect of the ‘‘grass-fire cycle’’ that is degrading many tropical landscapes, could be an increase in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	landscape change, grass-fire cycle, tropics, pollen, allergic rhinitis, medication
Research Division:	Medical and Health Sciences
Research Group:	Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology
Research Field:	Respiratory Diseases
Objective Division:	Health
Objective Group:	Clinical Health (Organs, Diseases and Abnormal Conditions)
Objective Field:	Immune System and Allergy
Author:	Johnston, FH (Associate Professor Fay Johnston)
Author:	Hanigan, IC (Mr Ivan Hanigan)
Author:	Bowman, DMJS (Professor David Bowman)
ID Code:	59002
Year Published:	2009
Web of Science® Times Cited:	18
Deposited By:	Menzies Institute for Medical Research
Deposited On:	2009-11-12
Last Modified:	2010-05-25
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