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In histories of smallpox and vaccination, little attention has been paid to their progress in the southern latitudes. In this paper, I focus on the appearance of smallpox around Sydney Cove in 1789 and the introduction of cowpox (vaccine) to New South Wales in 1804. I demonstrate the connections, historical and virological, between the two events and examine the role of variolation in the spread of smallpox and in anticipating vaccination. I argue that imported "variolous matter," perhaps obtained in Cape Town, may have been the source of infection in the catastrophic epidemic among the Aborigines in 1789. I likewise examine the means by which vaccine was brought to Australia in relation to comparable initiatives around the Indian Ocean. I assess the significance of the early history of vaccination in Australia in relation to subsequent developments and as a remarkable demonstration of the global reach of the new prophylactic.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	smallpox, vaccination, Jenner, Australia, Aborigines, Indian Ocean
Research Division:	History, Heritage and Archaeology
Research Group:	Historical studies
Research Field:	Global and world history
Objective Division:	Expanding Knowledge
Objective Group:	Expanding knowledge
Objective Field:	Expanding knowledge in history, heritage and archaeology
UTAS Author:	Bennett, MJ (Professor Michael Bennett)
ID Code:	57003
Year Published:	2009
Web of Science® Times Cited:	19
Deposited By:	History and Classics
Deposited On:	2009-06-11
Last Modified:	2012-03-01
Downloads:	29 View Download Statistics