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Chloride and carbonate immiscible liquids at the closure of the kimberlite magma evolution (Udachnaya-East kimberlite, Siberia)

journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-16, 21:32 authored by Vadim Kamenetsky, Maya KamenetskyMaya Kamenetsky, Sharygin, VV, Faure, K, Golovin, AV
The compositions of parental magmas forming kimberlitic rocks remain largely unknown because of masking effects of syn-eruptive contamination and degassing, and post-magmatic alteration. Among most affected elements are volatiles (H2O and CO2) and alkalies (Na and K). This study attempts to overcome the problems related to the alteration of kimberlites by detailed petrographic and chemical analyses of exceptionally fresh, and thus essentially anhydrous (< 0.5 wt.% H2O), kimberlite samples from the Udachnaya-East pipe (Daldyn-Alakit region, Siberia). The groundmass of these kimberlites contains abundant carbonate (calcite, shortite, zemkorite) and chloride (halite, sylvite) minerals, cementing olivine phenocrysts, and forming round segregations ("nodules"). The nodules, belonging to the chloride and chloride-carbonate types, show no evidence of thermometamorphic effects on the contacts with the host kimberlite. The chloride-carbonate nodules demonstrate liquid immiscibility textures that are remarkably similar to those observed in the olivine-hosted chloride-carbonate melt inclusions at ∼ 600 °C. The similarity of oxygen and carbon isotope values of carbonates from the groundmass and nodules (δ18O 12.5 to 13.9‰ VSMOW; δ13C -3.7 to -2.7‰ VPDB) points to their common origin at similar temperatures. We argue for crystallisation of the chloride-carbonate nodules from residual kimberlite melts, pooled after exhaustion of the silicate melt component. The enrichment of the residual melt in alkali carbonate and chloride is partly reflected in the bulk groundmass compositions (10-11 wt.% CO2, 2.3-3.2 wt.% Cl, 2.6-3.7 wt.% Na, and 1.6-2.0 wt.% K). We propose that this enrichment is inherited from the kimberlite parental magma, and it can be responsible for the kimberlite low liquidus temperatures, low viscosities, and rapid emplacement. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

History

Publication title

Chemical Geology

Volume

237

Issue

4

Pagination

384-400

ISSN

0009-2541

Department/School

School of Natural Sciences

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Place of publication

Netherlands

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Expanding knowledge in the earth sciences

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