The growth of Cymatoceps nasutus(Teleostei:Sparidae), with comments on diet and reproduction

Aspects of the growth, diet and reproductive biology of the sparid Cymatoceps nasulus were examined. Although they are caught in relatively low numbers, these endemic fish are important to the South African recrationa1 boat and shore fisheries because of their size and fighting ability. C. nasutus is a benthic carnivore, feedmg on a wide variety of prey, particularly molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms. Preliminary observations suggest that they are protogynous hermaphrodites, females changing sex at approximately 700 mm fork length. Growth studies based on age determination from otoliths showed that they grow slowly and are long-lived, the oldest aged fish being 45,5 years. These facts suggest that they are susceptible to over-exploitation, and more stringent conservation measures are recommended to ensure survival of the species as a recreational resource.