Purpose of review: Interleukin-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine and an important mediator of the cellular immune response. The recent discovery of the novel cytokine interleukin-23 has led to a re-evaluation of interleukin-12 biology, as both cytokines use a common p40 subunit. This review discusses understanding of what distinguishes these related cytokines and the infection risks associated with targeting these cytokine pathways during treatment of inflammatory diseases. Recent findings: Recent work has shown that interleukin-23 stimulates the development of a distinct subset of effector T cells that produce interleukin-17A. These interleukin-17A-producing cells are critical mediators of the inflammatory response in several mouse models of autoimmunity. Although it is well established that interleukin-12 is a critical mediator of host defense, the role of the interleukin-23/interleukin-17A axis during infections has only recently been evaluated. Summary: Interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 have distinct roles in mediating host defense and autoimmune inflammation. Although targeting interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 simultaneously against the common p40 subunit is efficacious in clinical trials for human autoimmune diseases, targeting of interleukin-23 alone or the downstream effector cytokine interleukin-17A may be an effective treatment strategy for organ-specific autoimmune diseases. It is likely that targeting interleukin-23 or interleukin-17A alone, as opposed to targeting interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 together, will reduce the patients' risk of developing treatment-related infections. © 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Item Type:	Substantial Review
Research Division:	Biological Sciences
Research Group:	Other biological sciences
Research Field:	Global change biology
Objective Division:	Environmental Policy, Climate Change and Natural Hazards
Objective Group:	Adaptation to climate change
Objective Field:	Social impacts of climate change and variability
UTAS Author:	Bowman, DMJS (Professor David Bowman)
ID Code:	47618
Year Published:	2006
Web of Science® Times Cited:	8
Deposited By:	Plant Science
Deposited On:	2007-09-19
Last Modified:	2011-06-07
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