Critical comparison of retention models for the optimisation of the separation of anions in ion chromatography. II. Suppressed anion chromatography using carbonate eluents

Seven theoretical retention models, namely the linear solvent strength model (using the dominant equilibrium approach and competing ion effective charge approach), the dual eluent species model, the Kuwamoto model, the extended dual eluent species model, the multiple species eluent/analyte model and the empirical end-points model, were used to describe the retention behaviour of anions in suppressed ion chromatography (IC). An extensive set of experimental retention data was gathered for 24 anions (fluoride, formate, bromate, chloride, hexanesulfonate, bromide, chlorate, nitrate, iodide, thiocyanate, perchlorate, sulfite, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, selenate, oxalate, tungstate, phthalate, molybdate, chromate, thiosulfate and phosphate) on a Dionex AS4A-SC column using carbonate eluents of varying concentration and HCO3−:CO32− ratios. Statistical comparison of the predicted and experimentally obtained retention factors showed that the performance of the theoretical models improved with the complexity of the model. However the empirical model (in which a linear relationship is assumed between the logarithm of retention factor and the logarithm of eluent strength, but the slope is determined empirically) gave the most consistent performance across the widest range of anions. The empirical end-points model was also shown to be the most satisfactory model due to its low knowledge requirements and easy solution. Compared with non-suppressed IC (see Part I), the retention behaviour in suppressed IC was found to be easier to model by all retention models.