Recent Progress in Biosensors for Wastewater Monitoring and Surveillance

Water quality can affect all aspects of life, such as food, energy, health, and the economy. Early detection of threats from polluted water can protect all aspects of life and habitat degradation. Traditional wastewater monitoring techniques are sophisticated, require rapid sampling, have a high cost, and are time-consuming; it also fails to monitor timely change in pollutant concentration. The development of biosensors has attracted substantial attention for their precise monitoring, high sensitivity, simplicity, reliability, low cost, and online monitoring. This chapter provides a general overview of a biosensor used for online monitoring of several pollutants including toxic pollutants, nitrogen, and organic pollutants present in wastewater, as well as monitoring of infectious disease outbreaks through wastewater. Furthermore, the chapter includes future trends and perspectives of biosensors in wastewater.