Texture and morphology of veins and their relationship to gold mineralization in the Penjom deposit, Malaysia

Penjom deposit is an orogenic gold deposit located in the Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia. Gold mineralization is associated with various styles and textures of quartz-carbonate veins hosted within the metasedimentary as the main host rock and felsic igneous rock including minor volcanic rock. Vein textural features and morphologies have been investigated based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics to understand the process of veins formation, and the relationship with gold mineralization. At the hand specimen scale, veins show a variety of textures that are either primary or superimposed. Primary textures are comb, massive anhedral buck quartz veins, and laminae veins or vein septa representing early vein introduction without vein modification. Extension veins that are normally concordant to maximum compressive stress direction show either a common comb texture within these veins or buck texture inside thick veins. Secondary textures are ribbon, stylolites, breccias, and late spider veinlets that overprint early veins formed during repeated structural episodes. Later stage deformation events superimposed on the existing veins texture results in intensely deformed veins. The interrelationship of structure, vein-type and texture, gold and sulfide mineralogy have been correlated to constrain the episodes of gold mineralization in the Penjom deposit. Characteristics of vein textures indicate physio-environment under confining lithostatic pressure where fluids filled the space through crack and sealing mechanism. Vein systems and gold mineralization events that have been correlated with the D₂D₃ (fold-fault) deformation events and inferred to be temporally related to the late-stage regional orogenic event dated Late Triassic-Early Jurassic that affected Peninsular Malaysia.