3D textile structures with integrated electroactive electrodes for wearable electrochemical sensors

Common textile fabrication techniques have been utilised as scalable and cost-effective production methods for fabricating flexible 3D textile electrode platforms. These textile structures may be readily integrated with electroactive electrodes that can potentially carry out electrochemical detection in wearable devices. Here we demonstrate that conductive fibre or yarn-based electrodes can be readily incorporated into knitted and braided textile structures for electrochemical detection. Due to the poor nature of these commodity-based conducting yarns and fibres surface modification utilising electrodeposition of conducting polypyrrole and or gold nanoparticles was demonstrated to enhance the device performance.