Targeting salt stress coping mechanisms for stress tolerance in brassica: a research perspective

Brassica genus comprises numerous cultivated brassica species with various economic importance. Salt stress is an overwhelming problem causing serious losses in Brassica species (e.g. B. napus, B. mii, B. oleracea, B. juncea) growth and grain yield production by inducing ionic and ROS toxicity. Given that a significant variation exists in salt tolerance level in Brassica genus, Brassica species exhibited numerous salt tolerance mechanisms which were either overlooked or given less importance to improve and understand innate salt stress tolerance mechanism in Brassica species. In this review, we tried to highlight the importance and recent findings relating to some overlooked and potential mechanisms such as role of neurotransmitters, and role of cytosolic Ca2+ and ROS as signaling elements to enhance salt stress tolerance. Studies revealed that salt tolerant brassica species retained more K+ in leaf mesophyll which confers overall salinity tolerance in salt tolerance brassica species. Neurotransmitter such as melatonin, dopamiane and eATP regulates K(+ )and Ca2+ permeable ion channels and plays a very crucial role in ionic homeostasis under salinity stress in brassica. At the end, the numerous possible salt stress agronomic strategies were also discussed to mitigate the severity of the salt stress in Brassica species.