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Stand-alone electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has been advancing through enhancements in throughput, selectivity and sensitivity of mass spectrometers. Unlike traditional MS techniques which usually require extensive offline sample preparation and chromatographic separation, many sample preparation techniques are now directly coupled with stand-alone MS to enable outstanding throughput for bioanalysis. In this review, we summarize the different sample clean-up and/or analyte enrichment strategies that can be directly coupled with ESI-MS and nano-ESI-MS for the analysis of biological fluids. The overview covers the hyphenation of different sample preparation techniques including solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), slug flow micro-extraction/nano-extraction (SFME/SFNE), liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA), extraction electrospray, extraction using digital microfluidics (DMF), and electrokinetic extraction (EkE) with ESI-MS and nano-ESI-MS.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	Sample preparation, Stand-alone mass spectrometry, Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), Nano-ESI-MS, Biological fluids
Research Division:	Chemical Sciences
Research Group:	Analytical chemistry
Research Field:	Separation science
Objective Division:	Expanding Knowledge
Objective Group:	Expanding knowledge
Objective Field:	Expanding knowledge in the chemical sciences
UTAS Author:	Mikhail, IE (Dr Ibraam Mikhail)
UTAS Author:	Gooley, AA (Dr Andrew Gooley)
UTAS Author:	Guijt, RM (Dr Rosanne Guijt)
UTAS Author:	Breadmore, MC (Professor Michael Breadmore)
ID Code:	151656
Year Published:	2021
Deposited By:	Plant Science
Deposited On:	2022-08-02
Last Modified:	2022-08-02
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