Validity and utility testing of a criteria-led discharge checklist to determine post-operative recovery after abdominal surgery: an international multicentre prospective cohort trial

Background

Criteria-led discharge (CLD) has promising potential to reduce unnecessary hospital stay after abdominal surgery; however, the validity and utility of CLD is uncertain as studies are limited to small single-centre studies involving predominantly elective colorectal surgery.

Methods

This prospective international multicentre cohort study explored the relationship between a CLD checklist, post-operative recovery, and hospital length of stay using patient-level data from four clinical trials involving 1071 adults undergoing all types of emergency and elective abdominal surgery at five hospitals across Australia and New Zealand. Patients were assessed daily for 21 post-operative days using a standardised CLD checklist. Surgeons and hospital clinicians were masked to findings. Criterion, construct, and content validity of the checklist to accurately reflect discharge decisions by surgical teams, assess physiological recovery, and encompass parameters signalling physiological readiness to discharge were tested. Potential utility of CLD to minimise unnecessary hospital stay was assessed by comparing day of readiness to discharge to actual day of discharge.

Results

The CLD checklist had concordance with existing discharge planning practices and accurately measured a longer post-operative recovery in more complex clinical situations. The CLD checklist in its current format did not detect all legitimate medical and surgical reasons necessitating a continued stay in hospital. Day of readiness to discharge was 0.8 days (95% CI 0.7 to 0.9, p < 0.001) less than actual day of discharge.

Conclusion

A CLD checklist has excellent criterion and construct validity in measuring physiological recovery following all types of major elective and emergency abdominal surgery. Content validity could be improved. The use of CLD has the potential to reduce unnecessary hospital stay although the safety of discharging patients according to the criteria requires investigation prior to implementation.