Greenhouse gas emissions and emissions mitigation from agricultural and horticultural production systems

Global geopolitics were harmonized at COP26 when more than 150 countries pledged to the Glasgow Climate Pact, resulting in unified aspirations to constrain global average temperature rise to 1.5°C and well below 2°C by 2050 (UNFCCC, 2021). Achievement of this goal demands urgent, deep and sustained reductions in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with threshold targets of 45% by 2030 (relative to 2010) and net zero by mid-century (UNFCCC, 2021). With agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) contributing 24% of global GHG emissions each year, AFOLU represents the second largest contributor to global GHG emissions after the energy sector (IPCC, 2014).