Aims: The main purpose of the study was to evaluate contextualization of theory and practices of teachers’ effective professional development features in primary schools in Ethiopia.

Methodology: Concurrent triangulation mixed method design was employed in the study. Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussion, observation, and document examination were used to collect the data. A total of 615 participants took part in the study. The quantitative data were analyzed by using means, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, one-way-ANOVA, and multiple regression. The textual and contextual qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative data were interpreted and concurrently triangulated.

Results: Teachers did not incorporate and implement professional development critical features in continuous professional development (CPD) plans and activities. The prevailed effects from these professional development features were [content-focus, R² =.105, active learning, R² = .072, coherence (R²=.043, collective participation, R²=.037, and sustained duration, R²=.014]. The cumulative outcomes of effectiveness of CPD practices added to multiple regression (R²=.271) accounted for 27.1% to cause teachers’ improve classroom instruction though professional dynamics predict that professional development practice is effective when it causes teachers improve professional practices. Teachers’ participation in CPD activities, learning potential from CPD and application of new knowledge and pedagogical skills in the classroom were rated (M1=17.82, M2 = 15.74 & M3 = 14.79) by teachers and mentors and principals respectively. There was no statistically significant difference at p >.05 level in mean scores [F (2, 535) = 2.052, p = .135].

Conclusion: The findings of the study have implications for teachers in terms of planning and implementing specific class content and reflection activities in order to gain appropriate professional competences. Teachers need to upgrade their skills as they were not performing well in the classroom.