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Major marine heatwave (MHW) events have caused catastrophic impacts on coastal marine ecosystems. However, to date there has not been a global assessment of MHWs in coastal areas where rich marine ecosystems are at risk. Here, we combine four satellite Sea Surface Temperature (SST) products to quantify the distribution, characteristics, and decadal trend of coastal MHWs, using an ensemble approach. Hotspots of MHW stress, defined as yearly cumulative intensity, were found to be concentrated in mid latitude coasts like the Mediterranean Sea, Japan Sea, and Tasman Sea, as well as the north-eastern coast of the United States. We found a global increase in coastal MHW frequency and duration during the past 25 years by 1–2 events per decade and 5–10 days per decade, respectively, with regional distribution closely related to decadal climate variability. Increases in frequency and duration of MHWs has led to large increases of cumulative intensity and yearly cumulative intensity, particularly in mid-latitudes and hotspot regions. Long-term changes in mean SST were the main driver of the observed trends of coastal MHWs, while internal variability was important for explaining local decreases in MHW metrics such as along the south-eastern Pacific coast. MHW average metrics and trends were consistent across all four products used in this analysis, giving high confidence in the results. However, important differences between products were observed for MHW mean intensity, which was well correlated to SST variability, suggesting sensitivity of this metric to the specific SST data set and demonstrating a need for an ensemble approach to MHW analysis.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	coastal marine heatwave, multi-product, sea surface temperature, extremes, climate change
Research Division:	Earth Sciences
Research Group:	Oceanography
Research Field:	Physical oceanography
Objective Division:	Environmental Policy, Climate Change and Natural Hazards
Objective Group:	Understanding climate change
Objective Field:	Climate variability (excl. social impacts)
UTAS Author:	Marin, M (Mr Maxime Marin)
UTAS Author:	Phillips, HE (Associate Professor Helen Phillips)
UTAS Author:	Bindoff, NL (Professor Nathan Bindoff)
ID Code:	146785
Year Published:	2021
Web of Science® Times Cited:	17
Deposited By:	Oceans and Cryosphere
Deposited On:	2021-09-27
Last Modified:	2021-11-29
Downloads:	6 View Download Statistics