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Integrated 3D printed heaters for microfluidic applications: Ammonium analysis within environmental water
journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-20, 22:48 authored by Fornells Vernet, E, Murray, E, Waheed, S, Morrin, A, Diamond, D, Brett PaullBrett Paull, Michael BreadmoreMichael BreadmoreA multi-material 3D printed microfluidic reactor with integrated heating is presented, which was applied within a manifold for the colorimetric determination of ammonium in natural waters. Graphene doped polymer was used to provide localised heating when connected to a power source, achieving temperatures of up to 120 °C at 12 V, 0.7 A. An electrically insulating layer of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer or a new microdiamond-ABS polymer composite was used as a heater coating. The microdiamond polymer composite provided higher thermal conductivity and uniform heating of the serpentine microreactor which resulted in greater temperature control and accuracy in comparison to pure ABS polymer. The developed heater was then applied and demonstrated using a modified Berthelot reaction for ammonium analysis, in which the microreactor was configured at a predetermined optimised temperature. A 5-fold increase in reaction speed was observed compared to previously reported reaction rates. A simple flow injection analysis set up, comprising the microfluidic heater along with an LED-photodiode based optical detector, was assembled for ammonium analysis. Two river water samples and two blind ammonium standards were analysed and estimated concentrations were compared to concentrations determined using benchtop IC. The highest relative error observed following the analysis of the environmental samples was 11% and for the blind standards was 5%.
Funding
Australian Research Council
Trajan Scientific Australia Pty Ltd
University of South Australia
History
Publication title
Analytica Chimica ActaVolume
1098Pagination
94-101ISSN
0003-2670Department/School
School of Natural SciencesPublisher
Elsevier Science BvPlace of publication
Po Box 211, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1000 AeRights statement
Copyright 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.Repository Status
- Restricted