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Regarding the F-word: The effects of data filtering on inferred genotype-environment associations

journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-20, 22:44 authored by Ahrens, CW, Jordan, R, Bragg, J, Peter HarrisonPeter Harrison, Hopley, T, Bothwell, H, Murray, K, Dorothy SteaneDorothy Steane, Whale, JW, Byrne, M, Andrew, R, Rymer, PD
Genotype-environment association (GEA) methods have become part of the standard landscape genomics toolkit, yet, we know little about how to best filter genotype-by-sequencing data to provide robust inferences for environmental adaptation. In many cases, default filtering thresholds for minor allele frequency and missing data are applied regardless of sample size, having unknown impacts on the results, negatively affecting management strategies. Here, we investigate the effects of filtering on GEA results and the potential implications for assessment of adaptation to environment. We use empirical and simulated data sets derived from two widespread tree species to assess the effects of filtering on GEA outputs. Critically, we find that the level of filtering of missing data and minor allele frequency affect the identification of true positives. Even slight adjustments to these thresholds can change the rate of true positive detection. Using conservative thresholds for missing data and minor allele frequency substantially reduces the size of the data set, lessening the power to detect adaptive variants (i.e., simulated true positives) with strong and weak strengths of selection. Regardless, strength of selection was a good predictor for GEA detection, but even some SNPs under strong selection went undetected. False positive rates varied depending on the species and GEA method, and filtering significantly impacted the predictions of adaptive capacity in downstream analyses. We make several recommendations regarding filtering for GEA methods. Ultimately, there is no filtering panacea, but some choices are better than others, depending on the study system, availability of genomic resources, and desired objectives.

History

Publication title

Molecular Ecology Resources

Pagination

1-15

ISSN

1755-098X

Department/School

School of Natural Sciences

Publisher

Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Place of publication

United Kingdom

Rights statement

© 2021 John Wiley & Sons

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Other environmental management not elsewhere classified; Expanding knowledge in the biological sciences

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