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Protective immunity against secondary poxvirus infection is dependent on antibody but not on CD4 or CD8 T-cell function

journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-20, 21:00 authored by Panchanathan, V, Chaudhri, G, Gunasegaran KarupiahGunasegaran Karupiah
Renewed interest in smallpox and the need for safer vaccines have highlighted our lack of understanding of the requirements for protective immunity. Since smallpox has been eradicated, surrogate animal models of closely related orthopoxviruses, such as ectromelia virus, have been used to establish critical roles for CD8 T cells in the control of primary infection. To study the requirements for protection against secondary infection, we have used a prime-challenge regime, in which avirulent ectromelia virus was used to prime mice that were then challenged with virulent ectromelia virus. In contrast to primary infection, T cells are not required for recovery from secondary infection, since gene knockout mice deficient in CD8 T-cell function and wild-type mice acutely depleted of CD4, CD8, or both subsets were fully protected. Protection correlated with effective virus control and generation of neutralizing antibody. Notably, primed mice that lacked B cells, major histocompatibility complex class II, or CD40 succumbed to secondary infection. Thus, antibody is essential, but CD4 or CD8 T cells are not required for recovery from secondary poxvirus infection.

History

Publication title

Journal of Virology

Volume

80

Issue

13

Pagination

6333-8

ISSN

0022-538X

Department/School

Tasmanian School of Medicine

Publisher

Amer Soc Microbiology

Place of publication

1752 N St Nw, Washington, USA, Dc, 20036-2904

Rights statement

Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Prevention of human diseases and conditions; Treatment of human diseases and conditions

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