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Transcriptomic profiling in fins of Atlantic salmon parasitized with sea lice: evidence for an early imbalance between chalimus-induced immunomodulation and the host’s defense response
Citation
Umasuthan, N and Xue, X and Caballero-Solares, A and Kumar, S and Westcott, JD and Chen, Z and Fast, MD and Skugor, S and Nowak, BF and Taylor, RG and Rise, ML, Transcriptomic profiling in fins of Atlantic salmon parasitized with sea lice: evidence for an early imbalance between chalimus-induced immunomodulation and the host's defense response, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, (7) Article 2417. ISSN 1422-0067 (2020) [Refereed Article]
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Copyright Statement
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Abstract
Parasitic sea lice (e.g., Lepeophtheirus salmonis) cause costly outbreaks in salmon farming. Molecular insights into parasite-induced host responses will provide the basis for improved management strategies. We investigated the early transcriptomic responses in pelvic fins of Atlantic salmon parasitized with chalimus I stage sea lice. Fin samples collected from non-infected (i.e., pre-infected) control (PRE) and at chalimus-attachment sites (ATT) and adjacent to chalimus-attachment sites (ADJ) from infected fish were used in profiling global gene expression using 44K microarrays. We identified 6568 differentially expressed probes (DEPs, FDR < 5%) that included 1928 shared DEPs between ATT and ADJ compared to PRE. The ATT versus ADJ comparison revealed 90 DEPs, all of which were upregulated in ATT samples. Gene ontology/pathway term network analyses revealed profound changes in physiological processes, including extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, tissue repair/remodeling and wound healing, immunity and defense, chemotaxis and signaling, antiviral response, and redox homeostasis in infected fins. The QPCR analysis of 37 microarray-identified transcripts representing these functional themes served to confirm the microarray results with a significant positive correlation (p < 0.0001). Most immune/defense-relevant transcripts were downregulated in both ATT and ADJ sites compared to PRE, suggesting that chalimus exerts immunosuppressive effects in the salmon’s fins. The comparison between ATT and ADJ sites demonstrated the upregulation of a suite of immune-relevant transcripts, evidencing the salmon’s attempt to mount an anti-lice response. We hypothesize that an imbalance between immunomodulation caused by chalimus during the early phase of infection and weak defense response manifested by Atlantic salmon makes it a susceptible host for L. salmonis.
Item Details
Item Type: | Refereed Article |
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Keywords: | Lepeophtheirus salmonis, chalimus, Salmo salar, fin transcriptome, immunomodulation, anti-sea lice response, 44K microarray, immunogenomics |
Research Division: | Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences |
Research Group: | Fisheries sciences |
Research Field: | Fish pests and diseases |
Objective Division: | Animal Production and Animal Primary Products |
Objective Group: | Fisheries - aquaculture |
Objective Field: | Aquaculture fin fish (excl. tuna) |
UTAS Author: | Nowak, BF (Professor Barbara Nowak) |
ID Code: | 140961 |
Year Published: | 2020 |
Web of Science® Times Cited: | 12 |
Deposited By: | Fisheries and Aquaculture |
Deposited On: | 2020-09-16 |
Last Modified: | 2021-02-15 |
Downloads: | 15 View Download Statistics |
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