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Structure and evolution of the drainage system of a Himalayan debris-covered glacier, and its relationship with patterns of mass loss
Citation
Benn, DI and Thompson, S and Gulley, J and Mertes, J and Luckman, A and Nicholson, L, Structure and evolution of the drainage system of a Himalayan debris-covered glacier, and its relationship with patterns of mass loss, Cryosphere, 11 pp. 2247-2264. ISSN 1994-0416 (2017) [Refereed Article]
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Copyright Statement
Copyright 2017 The Authors. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
DOI: doi:10.5194/tc-11-2247-2017
Abstract
We provide the first synoptic view of the drainage system of a Himalayan debris-covered glacier and its evolution through time, based on speleological exploration and satellite image analysis of Ngozumpa Glacier, Nepal. The drainage system has several linked components: (1) a seasonal subglacial drainage system below the upper ablation zone; (2) supraglacial channels, allowing efficient meltwater transport across parts of the upper ablation zone; (3) sub-marginal channels, allowing long-distance transport of meltwater; (4) perched ponds, which intermittently store meltwater prior to evacuation via the englacial drainage system; (5) englacial cut-and-closure conduits, which may undergo repeated cycles of abandonment and reactivation; and (6) a "base-level" lake system (Spillway Lake) dammed behind the terminal moraine. The distribution and relative importance of these elements has evolved through time, in response to sustained negative mass balance. The area occupied by perched ponds has expanded upglacier at the expense of supraglacial channels, and Spillway Lake has grown as more of the glacier surface ablates to base level. Subsurface processes play a governing role in creating, maintaining, and shutting down exposures of ice at the glacier surface, with a major impact on spatial patterns and rates of surface mass loss. Comparison of our results with observations on other glaciers indicate that englacial drainage systems play a key role in the response of debris-covered glaciers to sustained periods of negative mass balance.
Item Details
| Item Type: | Refereed Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | Himalayan glaciers, climate change, glacier hydrology |
| Research Division: | Earth Sciences |
| Research Group: | Geophysics |
| Research Field: | Geodynamics |
| Objective Division: | Environmental Policy, Climate Change and Natural Hazards |
| Objective Group: | Natural hazards |
| Objective Field: | Natural hazards not elsewhere classified |
| UTAS Author: | Thompson, S (Dr Sarah Thompson) |
| ID Code: | 140802 |
| Year Published: | 2017 |
| Web of Science® Times Cited: | 34 |
| Deposited By: | Australian Antarctic Program Partnership |
| Deposited On: | 2020-09-09 |
| Last Modified: | 2020-10-20 |
| Downloads: | 1 View Download Statistics |
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