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140557 - Sea ice extent, concentration, and seasonality.pdf (4.64 MB)

Sea ice extent, concentration, and seasonality [in “State of the Climate in 2019']

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posted on 2023-05-20, 17:13 authored by Phillip ReidPhillip Reid, Stammerjohn, S, Robert MassomRobert Massom, Barreira, S, Scambos, T, Jan LieserJan Lieser
Antarctic sea ice plays a pivotal role in the global climate system. Forming a highly reflective, dynamic, and insulative blanket that varies seasonally in its areal coverage from ~3 × 106 km2 to ~19–20 × 106 km2, sea ice and its snow cover strongly modifies ocean–atmosphere fluxes and interaction processes (Bourassa et al. 2013). Moreover, brine rejection into the underlying ocean during sea ice formation on some continental shelf areas leads to the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water that contributes to the global ocean overturning circulation (Johnson 2008). Antarctic sea ice also acts as a protective buffer for ice shelves against destructive ocean swells (Massom et al. 2018) and modulates the interaction of warm ocean waters with ice shelf basal cavities to affect basal melt there (Timmermann and Hellmer 2013). Finally, it also forms a key habitat for a myriad of biota—ranging from microorganisms to whales (Thomas 2017)—that are strongly affected by changes in the presence and seasonal rhythms of the sea ice cover (e.g., Massom and Stammerjohn 2010).

History

Publication title

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Volume

101

Issue

8

Pagination

304-S306

ISSN

0003-0007

Department/School

Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies

Publisher

Amer Meteorological Soc

Place of publication

45 Beacon St, Boston, USA, Ma, 02108-3693

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©2020 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a website or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. All AMS journals and monograph publications are registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (http://www.copyright.com). Questions about permission to use materials for which AMS holds the copyright can also be directed to permissions@ametsoc.org. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy statement, available on the AMS website (http://www.ametsoc.org/CopyrightInformation).

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  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Effects of climate change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic environments (excl. social impacts)

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