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Projected marine heatwaves in the 21st century and the potential for ecological impact
Citation
Oliver, ECJ and Burrows, MT and Donat, MG and Sen Gupta, A and Alexander, LV and Perkins-Kirkpatrick, SE and Benthuysen, JA and Hobday, AJ and Holbrook, NJ and Moore, PJ and Thomsen, MS and Wernberg, T and Smale, DA, Projected marine heatwaves in the 21st century and the potential for ecological impact, Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, (December) Article 734. ISSN 2296-7745 (2019) [Refereed Article]
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Copyright Statement
Copyright © 2019 Oliver, Burrows, Donat, Sen Gupta, Alexander, PerkinsKirkpatrick, Benthuysen, Hobday, Holbrook, Moore, Thomsen, Wernberg and Smale. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
DOI: doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00734
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are extreme climatic events in oceanic systems that can have devastating impacts on ecosystems, causing abrupt ecological changes and socioeconomic consequences. Several prominent MHWs have attracted scientific and public interest, and recent assessments have documented global and regional increases in their frequency. However, for proactive marine management, it is critical to understand how patterns might change in the future. Here, we estimate future changes in MHWs to the end of the 21st century, as simulated by the CMIP5 global climate model projections. Significant increases in MHW intensity and count of annual MHW days are projected to accelerate, with many parts of the ocean reaching a near-permanent MHW state by the late 21st century. The two greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios considered (Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5) strongly affect the projected intensity of MHW events, the proportion of the globe exposed to permanent MHW states, and the occurrence of the most extreme MHW events. Comparison with simulations of a natural world, without anthropogenic forcing, indicate that these trends have emerged from the expected range of natural variability within the first half of the 21st century. This discrepancy implies a degree of "anthropogenic emergence," with a departure from the natural MHW conditions that have previously shaped marine ecosystems for centuries or even millennia. Based on these projections we expect impacts on marine ecosystems to be widespread, significant and persistent through the 21st century.
Item Details
| Item Type: | Refereed Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | marine heatwaves (MHWs), extreme climatic events, oceanic systems, impacts on ecosystems, socioeconomic consequences |
| Research Division: | Earth Sciences |
| Research Group: | Oceanography |
| Research Field: | Physical oceanography |
| Objective Division: | Environmental Policy, Climate Change and Natural Hazards |
| Objective Group: | Understanding climate change |
| Objective Field: | Climate variability (excl. social impacts) |
| UTAS Author: | Holbrook, NJ (Professor Neil Holbrook) |
| ID Code: | 136695 |
| Year Published: | 2019 |
| Web of Science® Times Cited: | 194 |
| Deposited By: | Oceans and Cryosphere |
| Deposited On: | 2020-01-14 |
| Last Modified: | 2020-03-12 |
| Downloads: | 21 View Download Statistics |
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