Active removal of Na⁺ from the cytosol into the vacuole plays a critical role in salinity tissue tolerance, but another, often neglected component of this trait is Na⁺ retention in vacuoles. This retention is based on an efficient control of Na⁺‐permeable slow‐ and fast‐vacuolar channels that mediate the back‐leak of Na⁺ into cytosol and, if not regulated tightly, could result in a futile cycle. This Tansley insight summarizes our current knowledge of regulation of tonoplast Na⁺‐permeable channels and discusses the energy cost of vacuolar Na⁺ sequestration, under different scenarios. We also report on a phylogenetic and bioinformatic analysis of the plant two‐pore channel family and the difference in its structure and regulation between halophytes and glycophytes, in the context of salinity tolerance.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	H+-ATPase, halophyte, salinity stress, tonoplast ion channels, two-pore channel 1 (TPC1), vacuolar sodium sequestration, tonoplast, SV, VF
Research Division:	Biological Sciences
Research Group:	Plant biology
Research Field:	Plant physiology
Objective Division:	Plant Production and Plant Primary Products
Objective Group:	Other plant production and plant primary products
Objective Field:	Other plant production and plant primary products not elsewhere classified
UTAS Author:	Shabala, S (Professor Sergey Shabala)
ID Code:	136645
Year Published:	2020
Web of Science® Times Cited:	33
Deposited By:	Agriculture and Food Systems
Deposited On:	2020-01-11
Last Modified:	2021-10-13
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