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Cognitive modeling suggests that attentional failures drive longer stop-signal reaction time estimates in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-20, 05:45 authored by Weigard, A, Heathcote, A, Matzke, D, Huang-Pollock, C
Mean stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) is frequently employed as a measure of response inhibition in cognitive neuroscience research on attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, this measurement model is limited by two factors that may bias SSRT estimation in this population: (a) excessive skew in “go” RT distributions and (b) trigger failures, or instances in which individuals fail to trigger an inhibition process in response to the stop signal. We used a Bayesian parametric approach that allows unbiased estimation of the shape of entire SSRT distributions and the probability of trigger failures to clarify mechanisms of stop-signal task deficits in ADHD. Children with ADHD displayed greater positive skew than their peers in both go RT and SSRT distributions. However, they also displayed more frequent trigger failures, which appeared to drive ADHD-related stopping difficulties. Results suggest that performance on the stop-signal task among children with ADHD reflects impairments in early attentional processes, rather than inefficiency in the stop process.

History

Publication title

Clinical Psychological Science

Volume

7

Issue

4

Pagination

856-872

ISSN

2167-7026

Department/School

School of Psychological Sciences

Publisher

Sage Publications, Inc.

Place of publication

United States

Rights statement

© The Author(s) 2019

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Expanding knowledge in psychology

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