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133589 - Modeling the effects of Methylphenidate on conflict, top-down control, and evidence accumulation using the Conflict Linear Ballistic Accumulator (Author version).pdf (1.17 MB)

Modeling the effects of methylphenidate on conflict, top-down control, and evidence accumulation using the Conflict Linear Ballistic Accumulator

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posted on 2023-05-20, 05:08 authored by Weigard, A, Heathcote, A, Sripada, CS

Rationale: Although methylphenidate and other stimulants have been demonstrated to improve task performance across a variety of domains, a computationally rigorous account of how these drugs alter cognitive processing remains elusive. Recent applications of mathematical models of cognitive processing and electrophysiological methods to this question have suggested that stimulants improve the integrity of evidence accumulation processes for relevant choices, potentially through catecholaminergic modulation of neural signal-to-noise ratios. However, this nascent line of work has thus far been limited to simple perceptual tasks and has largely omitted more complex “conflict” paradigms that contain experimental manipulations of specific top-down interference resolution processes.

Objectives and Methods: To address this gap, this study applied the Conflict Linear Ballistic Accumulator (LBA), a newly proposed model designed for conflict tasks, to data from healthy adults who performed the Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT) after acute methylphenidate or placebo challenge.

Results: Model-based analyses revealed that methylphenidate improved performance by reducing individuals’ response thresholds and by enhancing evidence accumulation processes across all task conditions, either by improving the quality of evidence or by reducing variability in accumulation processes. In contrast, the drug did not reduce bottom-up interference or selectively facilitate top-down interference resolution processes probed by the experimental conflict manipulation.

Conclusions: Enhancement of evidence accumulation is a biologically plausible and task-general mechanism of stimulant effects on cognition. Moreover, the assumption that methylphenidate’s effects on behavior are only visible with complex “executive” tasks may be misguided.

History

Publication title

Psychopharmacology

Volume

236

Issue

8

Pagination

2501-2512

ISSN

0033-3158

Department/School

School of Psychological Sciences

Publisher

Springer-Verlag

Place of publication

Germany

Rights statement

Copyright 2019 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Expanding knowledge in psychology

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