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Sex differences in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and PTSD: are gonadal hormones the link?
Citation
Gogos, A and Ney, LJ and Seymour, N and Van Rheenen, TE and Felmingham, KL, Sex differences in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and PTSD: are gonadal hormones the link?, British Journal of Pharmacology, 176, (21) pp. 4119-4135. ISSN 1476-5381 (2019) [Refereed Article]
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Copyright Statement
Copyright 2019 The British Pharmacological Society. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the article, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.14584. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
Abstract
In this review, we describe the sex differences in prevalence, onset, symptom profiles and disease outcome that are evident in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Women with schizophrenia tend to exhibit less disease impairment than men; by contrast, women with post-traumatic stress disorder are more affected than men. The most likely candidates to explain these sex differences are gonadal hormones. This review details the clinical evidence that estradiol and progesterone are dysregulated in these psychiatric disorders. Notably, existing data on estradiol, and to a lesser extent, progesterone, suggest that low levels of these hormones may increase the risk of disease development and worsen symptom severity. We argue that future studies require a more inclusive, considered analysis of gonadal steroid hormones and the intricacies of the interactions between them, with methodological rigour applied, to enhance our understanding of the roles of steroid hormones in psychiatric disorders.
Item Details
| Item Type: | Refereed Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), estradiol; progesterone, sex differences, sex hormones |
| Research Division: | Psychology |
| Research Group: | Biological psychology |
| Research Field: | Behavioural neuroscience |
| Objective Division: | Health |
| Objective Group: | Public health (excl. specific population health) |
| Objective Field: | Mental health |
| UTAS Author: | Ney, LJ (Mr Luke Ney) |
| ID Code: | 133289 |
| Year Published: | 2019 |
| Web of Science® Times Cited: | 54 |
| Deposited By: | Psychology |
| Deposited On: | 2019-06-21 |
| Last Modified: | 2020-08-07 |
| Downloads: | 29 View Download Statistics |
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