Artificial Intelligence (AI) has numerous and varied definitions, leading to confusion and disagreement about what it represents, and how it relates to mineral exploration. A general definition is most effective: AI is the artificial machine-based reproduction of tasks inspired by, or conventionally accomplished by humans (or other animals) using their natural intelligence. The form of AI applied to mineral exploration is called ‘Domain Specific AI’; it is task-oriented and includes decades-old approaches to software automation and statistical modelling.

A core skill of experienced economic geologists is pattern recognition. This might include field-based work (e.g., recognising groupings of rock types, alteration minerals, or mineral textures related to mineralisation) or laboratory-based work (e.g., identifying groups of similar analyses from geochemical assays, or categorising spectral data from remote sensing devices). Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of AI that specialises in pattern recognition and is defined as any computer program that improves its performance at some task through experience or iteration. ML is well-studied and has routinely been applied towards mineral exploration over five decades. ML can automate parts of mineral exploration workflows, e.g., mapping or modelling geology, and can improve results by making them more objective, repeatable, or efficient.

This extended abstract briefly gives three examples of ML used to improve the interpretation of rock type in a mineral exploration or mining area, using geochemical or geophysical data.