Introduction: In adults, noninvasive assessments of vascular function have been established. However, little is known about the applicability and reference values of these techniques among children < 6 years old and none ≤ 2. We aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting noninvasive vascular assessments in 2-year-old children and the normal range of results in this age group.

Methods: Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and abdominal aorta IMT (aaIMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), arterial diameter change, stiffness index (β), and distensibility were assessed in 2-year-old children. IMT was assessed using an automatic contour detection.

Results: The proportion of successful measurements was 72% (42/58) with cIMT 64%, aaIMT 67%, and PWV 43%. Average far wall cIMT was 0.51 mm and 0.40 for aaIMT. Mean PWV was 4.15 m/s, with relatively wider range in stiffness index and distensibility. Common carotid arteries had a higher mean distensibility of 4.58%/10 mmHg compared with 2.98%/10 mmHg for the abdominal aorta. The number of data points automatically detected at far wall cIMT was higher than that in aaIMT (left cIMT: 244 ± 13 and right: 240 ± 23 vs. abdominal 185 ± 63, p < 0.001). Better and more consistent quality was achieved for cIMT than aaIMT measurements. PWV measurement was only feasible in cooperative children with efficient distractions.

Conclusions: Noninvasive methods for early detection of cardiovascular risks were feasible in at least two-thirds of 2-year-old children. Given the greater feasibility and image quality, cIMT is a preferable option for assessing vascular health in young children.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	arterial stiffness, children, intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity
Research Division:	Biomedical and Clinical Sciences
Research Group:	Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Research Field:	Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)
Objective Division:	Health
Objective Group:	Clinical health
Objective Field:	Clinical health not elsewhere classified
UTAS Author:	Zhao, B (Miss Bing Zhao)
UTAS Author:	Johnston, FH (Associate Professor Fay Johnston)
UTAS Author:	Dalton, M (Ms Marita Dalton)
UTAS Author:	Negishi, K (Dr Kazuaki Negishi)
ID Code:	131618
Year Published:	2019
Web of Science® Times Cited:	5
Deposited By:	Menzies Institute for Medical Research
Deposited On:	2019-03-27
Last Modified:	2020-08-28
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