Aim: To determine whether older adults with low muscle mass (sarcopenia) and strength (dynapenia), in the presence of osteoporosis/osteopenia, have an increased risk of fracture and mortality over 10 years, compared to those with low muscle or low bone mass alone or with neither condition.

Methods: 1032 participants (52% women; mean age 62.9 ± 7.4 years) were prospectively followed for 10 years. Mortality was ascertained from the death registry and fractures were self-reported. Baseline appendicular lean mass (ALM) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and normalised to body mass index (BMI). Hand grip strength (HGS) was assessed by dynamometer. Osteosarcopenia and osteodynapenia were defined as having T-scores of the total hip and/or lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) < -1 combined with being in the lowest 20% of the sex-specific distribution for ALM/BMI or HGS respectively.

Results: Incident fracture risk was significantly higher in participants who were osteodynapenic (RR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.26-3.39), dynapenic alone (RR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.05-2.87), and osteopenic alone (RR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15-2.31), compared to those without dynapenia or osteopenia. Mortality risk was significantly higher only in participants with osteosarcopenia (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.01-2.21) compared to those without sarcopenia or osteopenia. However, osteosarcopenia and osteodynapenia did not lead to a significantly greater fracture or mortality risk compared to having these conditions on their own.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that the combined effect of osteopenia and sarcopenia or dynapenia on fracture and mortality risk, respectively, may not be greater than that of each individual condition.

Item Type:	Refereed Article
Keywords:	dynapenia, fracture, mortality, osteopenia, osteoporosis, sarcopenia
Research Division:	Medical and Health Sciences
Research Group:	Clinical Sciences
Research Field:	Rheumatology and Arthritis
Objective Division:	Health
Objective Group:	Clinical Health (Organs, Diseases and Abnormal Conditions)
Objective Field:	Skeletal System and Disorders (incl. Arthritis)
UTAS Author:	Balogun, S (Dr Saliu Balogun)
UTAS Author:	Winzenberg, T (Professor Tania Winzenberg)
UTAS Author:	Wills, K (Dr Karen Wills)
UTAS Author:	Scott, D (Mr David Scott)
UTAS Author:	Callisaya, M (Dr Michele Callisaya)
UTAS Author:	Jones, G (Professor Graeme Jones)
UTAS Author:	Aitken, D (Associate Professor Dawn Aitken)
ID Code:	131507
Year Published:	2019
Deposited By:	Menzies Institute for Medical Research
Deposited On:	2019-03-20
Last Modified:	2019-04-02
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