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Acquired and genetic thrombotic risk factors in the athlete
Citation
Zadow, EK and Adams, MJ and Kitic, CM and Wu, SSX and Fell, JW, Acquired and genetic thrombotic risk factors in the athlete, Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, 44, (8) pp. 723-733. ISSN 0094-6176 (2018) [Refereed Article]
Copyright Statement
Copyright 2018 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
DOI: doi:10.1055/s-0038-1673625
Abstract
While athletes are often considered the epitome of health due to their physique and lowered potential for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, they may also be at risk for the onset and development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In an attempt to achieve and remain competitive, athletes are frequently exposed to numerous athlete-specific risk factors, which may predispose them to VTE through the disruption of factors associated with Virchow's triad (i.e., hypercoagulability, venous stasis, and vessel wall injury). Indeed, hypercoagulability within an athletic population has been well documented to occur due to a combination of multiple factors including exercise, dehydration, and polycythemia. Furthermore, venous stasis within an athletic population may occur as a direct result of prolonged periods of immobilization experienced when undertaking long-distance travels for training and competition, recovery from injury, and overdevelopment of musculature. While all components of Virchow's triad are disrupted, injury to the vessel wall has emerged as the most important factor contributing to thrombosis formation within an athletic population, due to its ability to influence multiple hemostatic mechanisms. Vessel wall injury within an athletic population is often related to repetitive microtrauma to the venous and arterial walls as a direct result of sport-dependent trauma, in addition to high metabolic rates and repetitive blood monitoring. Although disturbances to Virchow's triad may not be detrimental to most individuals, approximately 1 in 1,000 athletes will experience a potentially fatal post-exercise thrombotic incidence. When acquired factors are considered in conjunction with genetic predispositions to hypercoagulability present in some athletes, an overall increased risk for VTE is present.
Item Details
Item Type: | Refereed Article |
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Keywords: | athlete, venous thromboembolism, athletic training, exercise |
Research Division: | Health Sciences |
Research Group: | Sports science and exercise |
Research Field: | Exercise physiology |
Objective Division: | Expanding Knowledge |
Objective Group: | Expanding knowledge |
Objective Field: | Expanding knowledge in the health sciences |
UTAS Author: | Zadow, EK (Ms Emma Zadow) |
UTAS Author: | Adams, MJ (Dr Murray Adams) |
UTAS Author: | Kitic, CM (Dr Cecilia Kitic) |
UTAS Author: | Wu, SSX (Dr Sam Wu) |
UTAS Author: | Fell, JW (Associate Professor James Fell) |
ID Code: | 130505 |
Year Published: | 2018 |
Web of Science® Times Cited: | 8 |
Deposited By: | Health Sciences |
Deposited On: | 2019-01-30 |
Last Modified: | 2019-07-31 |
Downloads: | 0 |
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