Why is Legislative EA in Canada Ineffective, and How Can It Be Enhanced?

This article considers the implementation of the Canadian federal provision for strategic environmental assessment, the 1990 Directive for Policy and Program Proposals, with regard to legislative proposals. A recent implementation review found that these proposals are the most commonly assessed under the Directive. The research looks at the sustainable development and accountability frameworks that set the context for assessment, and the processes for the passage of principal and subordinate legislation that both guide and inhibit their assessment. The application of effectiveness criteria to the Directive and its context enable conclusions to be reached regarding its success to date. Recommendations to enhance the process are made that stress the need for renewed commitment, improved guidance, better coordination and integration, and general management of the process.