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Climate change, water stress and agriculture in the Indus Civilisation, 3000-1500 BC
Citation
Jones, PJ, Climate change, water stress and agriculture in the Indus Civilisation, 3000-1500 BC (2018) [PhD]
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Abstract
Using material excavated from several Indus settlements, this study uses a novel combination of isotopic techniques to directly test the connection between climate change and agricultural stress. These techniques are rst, oxygen isotope analysis of faunal bones and teeth; and second, stable carbon isotope analysis of crop remains. The oxygen analyses provide detailed records of monsoon intensity at a local, human scale, while the carbon analyses provide an empirical test of whether crop water stress increased. Applied in parallel across a diverse suite of Indus sites, these techniques together provide an archaeologically and ecologically-nuanced analysis of climatic impacts. The archaeological analyses are supported by a methodological study, which investigates how water status relates to the stable carbon isotope signature in bar- ley (Hordeum vulgare) and the Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) along a climatic transect in north-western India today.
Overall, the isotopic results suggest that at the sites sampled here, climate change probably had minimal impacts on crop water availability. This does not necessarily mean that climate change had no impacts on agriculture across the greater Indus sphere, and indeed there are hints that there may have been climatic stress in more vulnerable settings. However, at the sites studied here, any hydrological consequences of climate change-including the 4.2 ka event-appear to have had neither a lasting nor a pervasive impact on the adequacy of crop water supply. This is an important nding, and necessitates a clear renement of how we think about climatic sensitivity, climatic vulnerability, and climatic impacts across-and indeed beyond-the greater Indus.
Item Details
Item Type: | PhD |
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Keywords: | climate change, archaeology, water management, climate adaptation, Indus Civilisation |
Research Division: | History, Heritage and Archaeology |
Research Group: | Archaeology |
Research Field: | Archaeology of Asia, Africa and the Americas |
Objective Division: | Indigenous |
Objective Group: | Te tuku ihotanga me te ahurea Maori (Maori heritage and culture) |
Objective Field: | ahuatanga Maori (te tuku ihotanga Maori) (Maori tradition) |
UTAS Author: | Jones, PJ (Dr Penelope Jones) |
ID Code: | 129386 |
Year Published: | 2018 |
Deposited By: | Menzies Institute for Medical Research |
Deposited On: | 2018-11-27 |
Last Modified: | 2018-11-28 |
Downloads: | 3 View Download Statistics |
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