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Development of a Methodology to Measure and Assess Ship Emissions, Theme 2 - Marine Environmental Issues

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posted on 2023-05-25, 04:47 authored by Vikrambhai GaraniyaVikrambhai Garaniya
Exhaust emissions from ships are one of the major sources of air pollutants. While it is evident that shipping emissions are of concern globally, the global effects tend to be more dispersed and less easily attributed to their original sources. Continued implementation of the amendments to the MARPOL Annex VI regulations is an attempt to reduce emissions on a global scale. In-port emissions account for a relatively small proportion of the total emissions due to shipping, yet they have some of the most significant health impacts on the surrounding population. It is commonly known that these emissions are linked to cardiopulmonary and cancer related health problems, with an estimated number of deaths due to SOx emissions from shipping alone during 2012 of approximately 87,000 worldwide. Regulated pollutants including SOx, NOx, PM and the hundreds of other constituents of exhaust emissions generated by the combustion of fuels depend on the quality of the fuel and the characteristics of combustion. This research project is led by the AMC in collaboration with QUT and MMA to develop in-vessel emission measurement systems and assess the fuel characteristics which provide a baseline for the fuels that can be compared to the in-vessel emission results. Data from on-board measurements and laboratory analysis is used to develop a model for emission factor estimation for ships operating in different conditions. MMA presented preliminary emissions data aboard their workboat to demonstrate the performance of the continuous monitoring system. Results showed that for vessel operations at berth, AE (Auxiliary Engine) emissions were found to be dominant over ME (Main Engine) emissions. It was also reported that some ship emissions were up to several orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding land-based diesel emission levels, and significant variations in emissions were credited to fuel sulphur content and the engine load. Furthermore, SOx emission factors at berth were also found to be higher than those of previous studies. Particle number size distributions were found to peak at 35-45 nm in diameter, and showed a significant decline at higher engine load conditions. While the vessel is manoeuvring and cruising, ME emissions were found to be much more significant due to the higher engine load. To conclude the study, the emission factors developed were benchmarked against 13 known emission inventory methodologies, and it was found that the US EPA method had the closest resemblance, predicting the overall primary emissions with a 19% average deviation from the on-board measurements.

Funding

International Association of Maritime Universities

History

Commissioning body

International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU)

Number

20150202

Pagination

70

Department/School

Australian Maritime College

Publisher

International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU)

Place of publication

Tokyo, Japan

Repository Status

  • Restricted

Socio-economic Objectives

Management of greenhouse gas emissions from transport activities

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