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Aquaculture-derived trophic subsidy boosts populations of an ecosystem engineer
Citation
White, CA and Bannister, RJ and Dworjanyn, SA and Husa, V and Nichols, PD and Dempster, T, Aquaculture-derived trophic subsidy boosts populations of an ecosystem engineer, Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 10 pp. 279-289. ISSN 1869-7534 (2018) [Refereed Article]
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Copyright Statement
© 2018 The Authors. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
DOI: doi:10.3354/aei00270
Abstract
Environmental management of coastal aquaculture is focused on acute impacts of organic and nitrogenous wastes close to farms. However, the energy-rich trophic subsidy that aquaculture provides may create cascades with influences over broader spatial scales. In a fjord region with intensive fish farming, we tested whether an ecosystem engineer, the white urchin Gracilechinus acutus, was more abundant at aquaculture sites than control sites. Further, we tested whether diets influenced by aquaculture waste altered reproductive outputs compared with natural diets. Urchins formed barrens at aquaculture sites where they were 10 times more abundant (38 urchins m-2) than at control sites (4 urchins m-2). Urchins were on average 15 mm larger at control sites. In the laboratory, urchins fed aquafeed diets had 3 times larger gonad indices than urchins fed a natural diet. However, their reproduction was compromised. Eggs from females fed an aquafeed diet had 13% lower fertilisation success and 30% lower larval survival rates at 10 d compared with females fed a natural diet. A reproductive output model showed that enhanced numbers of 10 d old larvae produced by the dense aquaculture-associated aggregations of G. acutus will supersede any detrimental effects on reproduction, with larval outputs from aquaculture sites being on average 5 times greater than control sites. The results show that aquaculture waste can act as a trophic subsidy in fjord ecosystems, stimulating aggregations of urchins and promoting the formation of urchin barrens. Where finfish aquaculture is concentrated, combined effects on the wider environment may produce ecosystem-level consequences.
Item Details
| Item Type: | Refereed Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | Aquaculture, Echinus acutus, Gracilechinus acutus, larval survival, Norway, population density, reproductive output, sea urchin, trophic subsidy, urchin barren |
| Research Division: | Biological Sciences |
| Research Group: | Ecology |
| Research Field: | Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology) |
| Objective Division: | Environment |
| Objective Group: | Ecosystem Assessment and Management |
| Objective Field: | Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Marine Environments |
| UTAS Author: | White, CA (Ms Camille White) |
| ID Code: | 127467 |
| Year Published: | 2018 |
| Web of Science® Times Cited: | 2 |
| Deposited By: | Sustainable Marine Research Collaboration |
| Deposited On: | 2018-07-30 |
| Last Modified: | 2018-08-13 |
| Downloads: | 38 View Download Statistics |
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